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drug which effects

  • 1 καθαρτήριος

    A purificatory,

    θυσίαι D.H.9.40

    ; τὰ κ. Poll.1.32.
    II - τήριον (sc. φάρμακον), τό, drug which effects κάθαρσις, λοχείων, ἐπιμηνίων, Hp.Mul.1.78; purgative, Aret.CA1.4, Gal.11.354; κ. κατωτερικόν Aet.16.52.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καθαρτήριος

  • 2 colateral

    adj.
    1 on either side.
    2 collateral, parallel, secondary, auxiliary.
    f.
    collateral guaranty, pledge, guaranty.
    * * *
    1 collateral
    * * *
    * * *
    a) <calle/pasillo> side (before n)
    b) <pariente/línea> collateral
    c) < efecto> collateral (frml), secondary
    * * *
    Ex. If there are two or more collateral printed texts which were set from manuscript copy, not from other printed editions, the editor must choose one or other of them as copy-text on the basis of whatever he can discover about their relative status = Si existen dos o más textos impresos similares que se compusieron a partir del mismo original, no de otras ediciones impresas, el editor debe escoger uno u otro como texto fuente a partir de aquello que pueda descubrir que los diferencie.
    ----
    * daños colaterales = collateral damage.
    * impedimento colateral por sentencia = collateral estoppel.
    * * *
    a) <calle/pasillo> side (before n)
    b) <pariente/línea> collateral
    c) < efecto> collateral (frml), secondary
    * * *

    Ex: If there are two or more collateral printed texts which were set from manuscript copy, not from other printed editions, the editor must choose one or other of them as copy-text on the basis of whatever he can discover about their relative status = Si existen dos o más textos impresos similares que se compusieron a partir del mismo original, no de otras ediciones impresas, el editor debe escoger uno u otro como texto fuente a partir de aquello que pueda descubrir que los diferencie.

    * daños colaterales = collateral damage.
    * impedimento colateral por sentencia = collateral estoppel.

    * * *
    1 ‹calle/pasillo› side ( before n)
    2 ‹pariente/línea› collateral
    3 ‹efecto› collateral ( frml), secondary
    los efectos colaterales del medicamento the side effects of the drug
    group company
    * * *

    colateral adjetivo collateral: hubo gran cantidad de problemas colaterales, we have had a lot of secondary problems
    * * *
    1. [efecto] collateral, secondary;
    un medicamento sin efectos colaterales a medicine with no side effects;
    daños colaterales [en guerra] collateral damage
    2. [a ambos lados] on either side
    3. [línea, recta] collateral
    4. [pariente] collateral
    * * *
    : collateral
    : collateral

    Spanish-English dictionary > colateral

  • 3 ruido

    m.
    1 noise (sonido).
    desde aquí se escuchan los ruidos de la fiesta you can hear the noise of the party from here
    esta lavadora hace mucho ruido this washing machine is very noisy
    ¡no hagas ruido! be quiet!
    ruido de fondo background noise
    mucho ruido y pocas nueces much ado about nothing
    2 row (alboroto).
    hacer o meter ruido to cause a stir
    3 glitch.
    4 bruit.
    * * *
    1 (gen) noise
    2 (sonido) sound
    3 (jaleo) din, row
    4 figurado stir, commotion
    \
    hacer ruido / meter ruido to make a noise 2 figurado to cause a stir
    mucho ruido y pocas nueces familiar much ado about nothing
    ruido ambiental / ruido de fondo background noise
    * * *
    noun m.
    noise, sound
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=sonido) noise

    ¿has oído ese ruido? — did you hear that noise?

    no hagas ruido, que el niño está durmiendo — don't make a sound, the baby's sleeping

    me hace ruido el estómago — * my stomach is rumbling

    lejos del mundanal ruido — hum, liter far from the madding crowd liter

    es más el ruido que las nueces —

    prometieron reformas para este año, pero era más el ruido que las nueces — they promised reforms for this year, but it was all hot air

    los grandes beneficios anunciados son más el ruido que las nueces — the large profits they announced are not all what they were cracked up to be

    ruido de sables, en los cuarteles se oye ruido de sables — there's talk of rebellion in the ranks

    2) (=escándalo)

    hacer o meter ruido — to cause a stir

    * * *
    a) ( sonido) noise

    no metas or hagas tanto ruido — don't make so much noise

    lejos del mundanal ruido — (liter o hum) far from the madding crowd (liter), away from it all

    b) (Audio) noise
    * * *
    a) ( sonido) noise

    no metas or hagas tanto ruido — don't make so much noise

    lejos del mundanal ruido — (liter o hum) far from the madding crowd (liter), away from it all

    b) (Audio) noise
    * * *
    ruido1
    1 = clatter, noise, cacophony, rumble, loud noise, squeak, swish.

    Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

    Ex: Discomfort is caused if windows are opened, heat, cold, dirt and noise are offered 'open-access' to the interior.
    Ex: The book contributors have produced a work that is intricate and persuasive, and they have also produced a deafening cacophony of concepts.
    Ex: Deep in the rugged coal fields of West Virginia, the rumble of a steam locomotive mingles with the sound of the New River crashing through its steep rocky gorge.
    Ex: Overstimulation (ie, crowded quarters & loud noises) generally has negative effects on people.
    Ex: On a bicycle there can be nothing more annoying then a squeak while you're riding.
    Ex: At times when I'm in bed I can hear a swishing sound in my head, not a constant swish but a pulsating swish.
    * alejado del mundanal ruido = far from the maddening crowd(s).
    * con un ruido sordo = plump.
    * hacer ruido = be loud, rattle.
    * hacer ruido al sorber = slurp.
    * hacer un ruido = make + a noise.
    * haciendo ruido = noisily.
    * lejos del mundanal ruido = out in the woods, far from the maddening crowd(s).
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * nivel de ruido = noise level.
    * ruido altisonante = cacophony.
    * ruido corporal = bodily noise.
    * ruido de fondo = background noise.
    * ruido industrial = industrial noise.
    * ruidos de la noche = things that go bump in the night.
    * ruido sordo = thud.
    * sin hacer ruido = as quiet as a mouse, furtively, softly.
    * sin ruido = soundless.
    * sorber haciendo ruido = slurp.

    ruido2
    2 = false drop, false hit.

    Ex: False drops are cards which drop from the needle when the documents that the cards represent are not truly relevant to the topic of a search.

    Ex: For example, 'FIND: drug and abuse' retrieves records that contain these two words but also locates records that contain the words drug and sexual abuse; these are called ' false hits'.
    * ruido documental = noise.

    * * *
    1 (sonido) noise
    entra sin hacer ruido come in quietly
    no quiero oír ni un ruido I don't want to hear a sound
    la lavadora hace un ruido extraño the washing machine is making a funny noise
    se oyen mucho los ruidos de la calle you can hear a lot of noise from the street
    no metas or hagas tanto ruido don't make so much noise
    lejos del mundanal ruido ( liter o hum); far from the madding crowd ( liter), away from it all
    mucho ruido y pocas nueces all talk and no action, all mouth and no trousers ( BrE colloq)
    2 ( Audio) noise
    Compuestos:
    white noise
    background noise
    saber* rattling
    * * *

     

    ruido sustantivo masculino
    noise;

    no hagas tanto ruido don't make so much noise
    ruido sustantivo masculino
    1 noise: la lavadora hace un ruido extraño, the washing machine is making a strange noise
    sin ruido, quietly
    2 (jaleo) fuss, row: dejad de meter ruido, vais a molestar a los vecinos, stop fussing, you'll disturb the neighbors
    3 familiar stir, commotion
    ♦ Locuciones: mucho ruido y pocas nueces, much ado about nothing

    ' ruido' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abstraerse
    - amortiguar
    - barullo
    - callar
    - chasquido
    - detonación
    - disgusto
    - ensordecer
    - escándalo
    - estrepitosa
    - estrepitoso
    - hacer
    - jaleo
    - jolgorio
    - matar
    - molesta
    - molesto
    - mundanal
    - negra
    - negro
    - nuez
    - oír
    - puñetera
    - puñetero
    - retumbar
    - seca
    - seco
    - sofocar
    - sonsonete
    - sorber
    - sorda
    - sordo
    - tecleo
    - zarabanda
    - absorber
    - absorción
    - alboroto
    - armar
    - aturdir
    - bulla
    - bullicio
    - creer
    - despacio
    - enloquecedor
    - espantoso
    - follón
    - fondo
    - fuerte
    - infernal
    - jicotera
    English:
    ado
    - alarm
    - bang
    - bend
    - boom
    - bump
    - clatter
    - crash
    - die down
    - dislike
    - distraction
    - disturbance
    - disturbing
    - effective
    - excruciating
    - grind
    - hell
    - incessant
    - loud
    - make
    - munch
    - nerve
    - noise
    - nonstop
    - off-putting
    - perpetual
    - persistent
    - quiet
    - quietly
    - racket
    - rattle
    - rumble
    - rumbling
    - rumpus
    - scratch
    - silence
    - sleep through
    - smack
    - smash
    - snap
    - sound
    - static
    - stifle
    - terrific
    - this
    - thud
    - thump
    - thunder
    - tired
    - tread
    * * *
    ruido nm
    1. [sonido] noise;
    escuchamos un ruido we heard a noise;
    desde aquí se escuchan los ruidos de la fiesta you can hear the noise of the party from here;
    esta lavadora hace mucho ruido this washing machine is very noisy;
    esta impresora hace un ruido muy raro this printer is making a very strange noise;
    ¡no hagas ruido! be quiet!;
    mucho ruido y pocas nueces much ado about nothing
    ruido de fondo background noise; Pol ruido de sables:
    se oye ruido de sables there has been some sabre-rattling
    2. [alboroto] row;
    hacer o [m5] meter ruido to cause a stir
    3. Tel noise
    ruido blanco white noise;
    ruido en la línea line noise
    * * *
    m noise;
    hacer ruido make a noise;
    armar mucho ruido make a lot of noise; fig make a fuss;
    mucho ruido y pocas nueces all talk and no action
    * * *
    ruido nm
    : noise, sound
    * * *
    ruido n noise

    Spanish-English dictionary > ruido

  • 4 peyote

    (Sp. model spelled same [pejóte] < Nahuatl péyotl or péyutl 'cocoon of the silkworm')
       A spineless cactus with intoxicating properties ( Lophophora williamsii) that Indians use to make a hallucinatory drug. Santamaría references it as a generic name for various cacti, including Ariocarpus retusu, Anhalonium prismaticum, A. elongatum, Mamillaria ariolosa, M. elongata, M. furfuracea, and M. prismatica. However, he indicates that it refers properly to the Lophophora,a spineless species of biznaga that grows to a height of four to six inches, though as little as one-half inch may be visible above the soil, and for this reason it is sometimes called a root rather than a cactus. The plant contains a narcotic substance often studied for its physical and chemical properties. The Aztecs used it as a tonic, spreading it on their legs so that they could withstand long journeys. They also said that anyone who ingested the substance would see visions and be able to predict the future. Santamaría quotes Sahagún, who states that the hallucinatory effects of the peyote drug lasted for two or three days, during which time a person who had taken it had the courage to fight without fear, thirst, or hunger. He notes that it was commonly taken by Chichimeca Indians. See also mescal.

    Vocabulario Vaquero > peyote

  • 5 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

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